In March 2022 Russia passed a law letting its airlines re-register foreign-leased jets, triggering one of the largest legal disputes in commercial aviation history.
IAG, the owner of British Airways, cut its 2021 loss to 2.97 billion euros and plans a big rise in flights for 2022.
Nationwide unrest in Kazakhstan forced foreign airlines to suspend flights to Almaty in January 2022, testing how quickly carriers reassess geopolitical risk.
Thousands of flights were cancelled around Christmas 2021 as the Omicron variant left airlines without enough healthy crew.
When the US reopened its borders to vaccinated travellers on 8 November 2021, airlines saw an immediate and dramatic surge in international bookings.
American Airlines cancelled nearly 2,000 flights over Halloween weekend 2021, blaming storms in Texas and a shortage of crew.
