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Structure: ‘Participle clauses’

When are participle clauses used?

Skilled writers — particularly in journalism, safety reporting and academic prose — often replace full subordinate clauses with shorter participle clauses. The result is denser, more formal prose that packs context, cause and chronology into half the words.

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A post-COVID-19 Airbus

Fly High English logo with the word 'activities' beside it

Thinking about the future

Think about the following questions

  1. How do you think that the COVID-19 situation will affect OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)?
  2. What will OEMs have to do to survive?
  3. Do you think the Boeing and Airbus will continue their operations in the usual way in the next five years?
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Structure: ‘Direct and indirect objects’

What are direct and indirect objects?

Objects in sentences

The object of a sentence is the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb.

  • Let’s contact the company (object).
  • Open that chart (object).
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Structure: ‘Present perfect 4’

Present perfect simple vs present perfect continuous

Form of present perfect simple and continuous

Present perfect simple form

  • subject + have / has + past participle (+ object, place, time….)
    • I have flown many Boeing planes in my career.
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Structure: Question words

Asking questions

Asking yes / no questions

We can use yes / no questions to ask some questions. However, the answers can only be yes or no.

  • eg Do you fly the 737?
    • Yes I fly the 737 / No I don’t fly the 737.
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Structure: Cardinal & ordinal numbers

What are cardinal and ordinal numbers?

Cardinal numbers

We use cardinal numbers to talk about quantity.

eg I have two flights tomorrow.

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