Structure
Structure: ‘Modals of obligation’
Upper-intermediate gap-fill practice on modals of obligation, recycling vocabulary from the FAA airworthiness directive on the Airbus A350 oxygen clamp.
Structure
Aviation English grammar explained for pilots and controllers – clear rules, real aviation examples and practice exercises to lift your ICAO test performance.
181 briefings
Structure
Free
Structure: ‘The passive voice in formal writing’
Practise identifying and correcting passive voice errors drawn from aviation reporting — the Boeing–China trade deal in context.
Structure
Structure: ‘Time clauses’
Practise connecting events in time using when, before, after, while and as soon as — with situations drawn from a real airport security incident.
Structure
Structure: ‘Relative clauses’
Join two ideas into one precise sentence: practise defining, non-defining, prepositional and reduced relative clauses with examples from the FAA's electric air-taxi programme.
Structure
Free
Structure: ‘Too and enough’
Too means more than is safe; enough means just right. Spot and correct common too/enough mistakes using sentences from the United 767 Newark runway incident.
Structure
Structure: ‘Present perfect vs past simple’
Present perfect or past simple? Sort out the two tenses using the easyJet and Rolls-Royce hydrogen engine test, then try a gap-fill.