Structure
Structure: ‘Must have’ vs ‘can’t have’
When investigators reconstruct an accident, they reason from evidence — the same logic English expresses with ‘must have’ and ‘can’t have’. Practise the contrast using the…
Structure
Aviation English grammar explained for pilots and controllers – clear rules, real aviation examples and practice exercises to lift your ICAO test performance.
193 briefings
Structure
Structure: ‘Due to’ vs ‘because’
"Due to" and "because" both explain a cause — but different grammar follows each one. Practise the contrast using the 2024 CrowdStrike IT outage that grounded…
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A post-COVID-19 Airbus
How will Airbus return to normal after the COVID-19 pandemic. Watch, listen or read to find out.
Structure
Structure: ‘Direct and indirect objects’
What are direct and indirect objects? Objects in sentences The object of a sentence is the person or thing that is affected by the action of…
Structure
Structure: ‘Present perfect 4’
Present perfect simple vs present perfect continuous Form of present perfect simple and continuous Present perfect simple form subject + have / has + past participle…
Structure
Structure: Question words
Asking questions Asking yes / no questions We can use yes / no questions to ask some questions. However, the answers can only be yes or…